Music, as a non-pharmacological therapy, has garnered significant attention in the field of mental health. This wordless form of communication has been used since ancient times to express emotions, thoughts, and stories. However, for individuals with alexithymia, understanding and expressing emotions poses a challenge. Alexithymia is a psychological disorder characterized by difficulties in recognizing, understanding, and expressing one’s own emotions. This disorder can lead to interpersonal problems, increased psychological stress, and even affect the quality of life. This paper employs a literature review method and primarily summarizes the related content of alexithymia and explores the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of music on individuals with alexithymia. The results indicate that music can have a positive impact on patients with emotional disorders at various levels, providing a safe and effective complementary treatment modality.