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拒绝上学青少年父母亲职压力问卷的编制

Compilation of Parental Stress Questionnaire for Schoolrefusing Adolescents

中国心理学前沿 / 2024,6(10)：1928-1941 / 2024-10-31 8 7

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• 作者： 张春雨      ¹²      何颖鑫      ¹²³      阮琳燕      ¹²      何      丽      ¹²     
• 单位：

  1．北京联合大学师范学院，北京；
  2．北京联合大学儿童及青少年学习与心理发展研究所，北京；
  3．北京第二外国语学院附属小学，北京

• 关键词： 拒绝上学；青少年；亲职压力；信度；效度
• School refusal; Adolescent; Parental stress; Reliability; Validity
• 摘要： 目的：为了增进社会各界对于拒绝上学青少年家庭压力的了解和关注、丰富对拒学家庭支持与服务过程中的评估工具，进行拒绝上学青少年父母亲职压力问卷的编制，并检验其信度与效度。方法：采用质性访谈法对拒绝上学青少年父母进行访谈，结合前人问卷及访谈文本分析结果初步建构问卷的维度和条目，并邀请专家对问卷进行评估并进一步修改，形成共50个条目的初测问卷。对126名拒绝上学青少年家长初测，进行项目分析与探索性因素分析，形成共42个条目的正式问卷。再次对209名拒绝上学青少年家长施测，进行信效度检验及验证性因素分析。结果：本问卷包含42个条目，由“孩子综合表现”“躯体反应”“情绪压力”“夫妻矛盾”“亲子冲突”“家校沟通”“求助困扰”七个维度构成。总问卷及各维度均具有良好的信度与效度，Cronbach’sɑ系数在0.746～0.921之间，分半系数在0.653～0.878之间；结构模型拟合良好（χ2/df=1.585，GFI=0.831，CFI=0.910，AGFI=0.807，IFI=0.912，TLI=0.902，RMSEA=0.046）；效标效度检验显示，本问卷总分及各维度得分与简式亲职压力量表（PSI-SF）总分呈正相关（r=0.345～0.717，p均<0.01）。结论：本研究编制的拒绝上学青少年父母亲职压力问卷符合心理测量学指标，可用于拒绝上学青少年父母亲职压力的评测。
• In order to draw more attention to the real plight of school refusal families and to enrich the assessment tools related to school refusal, this study uses qualitative interview method to interview parents of school-refusing teenagers. According to previous questionnaires and interview text analysis results, dimensions and items of the questionnaire are initially constructed, and experts are invited to evaluate and further modify the questionnaire to form a preliminary questionnaire. 126 parents with good adaptability were tested by carefully selected for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, 209 parents were tested by convenient sampling for confirmatory factor analysis and test reliability and validity. The results show that the questionnaire contains seven dimensions, including children’s comprehensive performance, physical reaction, emotional stress, husband-wife conflict, parent-child conflict, homeschool communication, and help-seeking distress. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, it can be used as an effective questionnaire to measure parental stress of school-refusing teenagers.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0610212
• 引用： 张春雨，何颖鑫，阮琳燕，等．拒绝上学青少年父母亲职压力问卷的编制［J］．中国心理学前沿，2024，6（10）：1928-1941．