Cognitive Bias Modification-Memory (CBM-M) is an intervention aimed at modifying negative memory bias in depressed individuals. It aims to improve an individual’s mood state by guiding them to repeatedly recall positive events and specific details, with the goal of promoting the formation of positive cognitive patterns. Researchers using different methods have verified its significant effect in reducing depressive symptoms, providing a novel and effective way to intervene in depression. This paper explores the memory bias characteristics of depressed individuals, the theoretical basis of memory bias modification, application paradigms, and future perspectives.