Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 5% of children and adolescents worldwide. This disease is mainly manifested in inattention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior, which brings great trouble to children’s learning, life and social interaction. Although the disease is most obvious in childhood, it may also persist into adulthood. The purpose of this study is to explore the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ADHD in children, and to provide clinicians and parents with a comprehensive understanding and coping strategies in order to better understand and respond to this disease.