This study adopts a case analysis method to comprehensively analyze the psychological problems of vocational school students. The case analysis is guided by psychoanalytic theory. From the introduction of theoretical background to the presentation of case studies, combined with the requirements of psychoanalytic case analysis, a specific analysis was conducted on the case from aspects such as original family, personality structure, defense mechanisms, etc. Finally, a counseling method using psychoanalysis as the main means was adopted, and good results were achieved.