A questionnaire survey was conducted among 829 primary school students to explore the relationship between childhood abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder, and the mediating role of empirical avoidance. The results showed that: (1) Childhood abuse can positively predict post-traumatic stress disorder; (2) Empirical avoidance plays a partial mediating role between childhood abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder. Childhood abuse can indirectly affect post-traumatic stress disorder through empirical avoidance.