国际中文开源期刊平台

大学新生心理测评的实证效度研究

An empirical study on the validity of Freshmen's Psychological assessment

心理咨询理论与实践 / 2021,3(10)：738-745 / 2021-10-29 322 464

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• 作者： 韩树明¹      刘安琪²     
• 单位：

  1．天津职业技术师范大学，天津；
  2．天津市南开翔宇学校，天津

• 关键词： 大学新生；心理测评；实证效度；施测方式；施测前教育
• Freshmen; Psychological assessment; Empirical validity; Test methods; Pre-test education
• 摘要： 目的：研究大学新生心理测评结果与一年内主动心理咨询求助（下称“主动咨询”）、因心理异常表现被列 为重点关注对象（下称“重点关注”）之间关系，检验大学新生心理测评的实证效度，为进一步改进大学新 生心理测评提供参考。方法：以某高校2015—2016 年使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）的8031 份有效测评结果及2017—2019 年使用中国大学生心理健康筛查量表的11877 份有效测评结果为研究对象，逐一检查“主动咨询”与“重点关注”学生的测评结果，得出不同测评结果等级所占比例，得到量表的实证效度1。运用 Wilcoxon 符号秩和检验等方法，逐年检验“主动咨询”及“重点关注”与测评结果等级的相关性，得到量表的实证效度2。结果：SCL-90 测评阳性率为38.29%，预测出“重点关注”学生的73.91%，“主动咨询”学生的54.24%。分年及汇总数据中测评等级与“主动咨询”及“重点关注”之间，2015 年的测评结果阴阳性与“主动咨询”不具显著相关性，其余具显著相关性。中国大学生心理健康筛查量表严重心理危机学生检出率为10.57%，预测出“重点关注”的80.12%，“主动咨询”的47.56%，分年及汇总数据中测评等级与“主动咨询”及“重点关注”均显著相关。结论：中国大学生心理健康筛查量表与SCL-90 在用于大学新生测评中均有较好的实证效度，中国大学生心理健康筛查量表的实证效度好于SCL-90。通过注重量表的选择、改进实测方式等可以提高大学新生心理测评的实证效度。
• Objective To study the relationship between the results of freshmen's psychological assessment and their active counseling(hereinafter referred to as "active counseling") within one year, and being listed as the focus of attention due to abnormal psychological performance(hereinafter referred to as "focus"), and to test the empirical validity of freshmen's psychological assessment, so as to provide reference for further improving freshmen's psychological assessment. Methods Taking 8031 valid evaluation results of a university from 2015 to 2016 using symptom checklist 90(SCL-90) and 11877 valid evaluation results of Chinese college students' mental health screening scale from 2017 to 2019 as the research object, this paper examines the evaluation results of "active counseling" and "focus on" students one by one, obtains the proportion of different evaluation results, and obtains the empirical validity of the scale. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to test the correlation between "active consultation" and "focus" and the grade of evaluation results year by year, and the empirical validity of the scale was 2. Results The positive rate of SCL-90 was 38.29%, 73.91% of the students who were "focused on" and 54.24% of the students who were "actively consulted". In the annual and summary data, there is no significant correlation between the evaluation grade and "active consultation" and "key attention" in 2015, and the rest has significant correlation. The detection rate of serious psychological crisis in Chinese college students' mental health screening scale was 10.57%, 80.12% of "focus" and 47.56% of "active consultation" were predicted, and the evaluation grades in the annual and summary data were significantly correlated with "active consultation" and "focus"。 Conclusion Both Chinese college students' mental health screening scale and SCL-90 have good empirical validity in the evaluation of freshmen, and the empirical validity of Chinese college students' mental health screening scale is better than SCL-90. By focusing on the choice of the scale and improving the way of measurement, we can improve the empirical validity of Freshmen's psychological assessment.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0310092
• 引用： 韩树明．大学新生心理测评的实证效度研究［J］．心理咨询理论与实践，2021，3（10）：738-745．