国际中文开源期刊平台

团体箱庭疗法对高攻击性女性服刑人员的干预过程及效果

The Process and Effect of Group Sandplay Therapy on Aggressive Female Prisoners

心理咨询理论与实践 / 2020,2(8)：458-485 / 2020-08-14 818 1087

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• 作者： 张达     
• 单位：

  西北大学，西安

• 关键词： 女性服刑人员；攻击性；团体箱庭疗法
• Female Prisoner；Aggression；Group Sandplay Therapy
• 摘要： 监狱服刑人员，是因触犯了国家法律，经法院审判之后，被关押在监狱中进行再社会化的一个特殊的群体。该群体身处特殊的环境中，需要面对着来自各个方面的心理以及精神上的压力，心理健康状况不容乐观。而相较于男性，女性服刑人员有着不同的心理特征，她们需要更多的社会支持。在众多影响身心健康的因素当中，攻击性是极其重要的一个。攻击性是由攻击性情绪、攻击性认知、攻击性行为三个部分构成的，其目的往往是伤害他人或自身，其产生是生理、心理、社会等多种因素综合的结果。如若缺乏有效的干预方式，过高的攻击性在服刑人员出狱之后将继续成为影响社会和谐稳定与人民生命财产安全的隐患，同时也可能对服刑人员本身造成伤害。 本文呈现了使用限制性团体箱庭疗法对6名女性服刑人员的10次干预过程。过程中，来访者的作品由冲突、自我中心，通过沟通与调整，最终走向了共感与整合。经过干预后，高攻击性服刑人员的攻击性得到了不同程度的降低，体现了良好的干预效果。通过本次研究，我们认为限制性团体箱庭疗法从以下五个方面对来访者的高攻击性产生干预效果： （1）母子一体性的咨访关系为来访者提供足够的安全感，从而放下防御； （2）自由与受保护的空间促进了来访者宣泄和表达情绪，释放攻击性情绪； （3）“与他人一样”的感受使来访者获得归属感，从而展现真实的自我； （4）玩具的象征意义让来访者呈现、了解自我，并在互动中协调认知资源，促进攻击性认知的改变； （5）限制性团体箱庭的规则为来访者提供了温和的行为学习的方式，从而替代攻击性的行为方式。 箱庭疗法作为一种人本主义的心理咨询方式，能够为来访者提供安全的情绪表达场所，宣泄不良情绪，增进自我理解。团体箱庭疗法中成员间的互动在潜移默化间让彼此协调资源、增进理解，能够有效降低女性服刑人员的攻击性情绪、认知与行为。
• Prisoners are a special group of people who were tried B the court because of violating laws, and have been detained in prisons for re-socialization. In this special environment they can not avoid to face every aspect of psychological and spiritual pressure, therefore their mental health status is not optimistic. Compared with men, female prisoners have different psychological characteristics and they need more social support.Among the many factors that affect prisoners’ physical and mental health, aggression is an extremely important one. Aggression is a combination of three aspects: cognition, emotion, and behavior, which aims at harming others or themselves.It is the result of a combination of physical, psychological, and social factors.If there is no effective intervention method, excessive aggression will continue to be a hidden danger affecting the harmony and stability of society and the safety of people’s lives and property after they are released from prisons. It may also be harmful to the prisoners themselves. This study described an intervention process for six female prisoners (three of whom were highly aggressive) B restrictive group sandplay therapy for ten times. During the process, the visitors' works were conflicted and self-centered at first, and through communication and adjustment, they eventually reached a common sense and integration. After the intervention, the aggression of highly aggressive prisoners has been reduced to varying degrees, which reflects a good intervention effect.Group sandplay therapy has an effect on clients from the following aspects: (1)The “mother-child unit” relationship provides visitors with enough sense of security, thus laying down their defense; (2)Free and protected space allows visitors to express and vent their emotions, and release their aggressive emotions; (3)The feeling of “like others”makes visitors feel a sense of belonging, thus showing their true selves; (4)The symbolism of the toy allows visitors to present and understand themselves, coordinate cognitive resources in interaction and promote changes in aggressive cognition; (5)The rules of the restrictive group sandplay therapy provide visitors with a soft approach of behavioral learning in order to replace the aggressive behavior. As a humanistic psychological counseling method, sandplay therapy can provide visitors with a safe emotional expression place, vent their bad feelings, and enhance their self-understanding. In addition, the interactions among members are unknowingly mediated to coordinate resources and enhance understanding, which can effectively reduce the aggressive emotion, cognition, and behavior of female prisoners.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0208036
• 引用： 张达．团体箱庭疗法对高攻击性女性服刑人员的干预过程及效果[J].心理咨询理论与实践， 2020，2（8）：458-485．