Under the background of the new era, the social governance of public security organs is faced with complex challenges such as the cross-border transmission of public security risks, the intelligent upgrading of criminal forms, the blocked construction of law enforcement authority, and the shortcomings of governance efficiency. Based on the perspective of the modernization of national governance, this study systematically analyzes the practical difficulties of public security organs in the dimensions of risk prevention and control, law enforcement norms, and collaborative governance, and proposes to build a new governance paradigm of “technology empowerment, system innovation and capacity leap”. By realizing the construction of intelligent risk prevention and control system, realizing the precision of crime early warning, reshaping the credibility of the standardization of law enforcement based on the reform of the rule of law, and activating the effectiveness of multiple co-governance through the interaction mechanism between the police and the police and the public, it can effectively solve the structural contradictions of the traditional governance model. Only by adhering to the combination of rule of law guidance, intelligent support and socialized participation, can we realize the paradigm transformation from risk disposal to risk prevention, from single management and control to system governance, and build a solid security foundation for the promotion of Chinese-style modernization.