国际中文开源期刊平台

婴幼儿幽默的发展及其家庭教育启示

On Development of Infant humor and Its Enlightenments to Home Education

中国心理学前沿 / 2019,1(2)：80-96 / 2019-05-21 6670 9153

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• 作者： 余芬¹      刘梦雪¹      许晓勇²     
• 单位：

  1. 深圳大学心理与社会学院，深圳，518060；
  2. 北京师范大学心理学部，北京，100875

• 关键词： 婴幼儿幽默；幽默发展；家庭教育
• Infant humor；The development of humor；Home education
• 摘要： 婴幼儿幽默被认为是使婴幼儿感到发笑的语言或者行为，微笑或者大笑是婴幼儿在理解和创造幽默过程中最重要的外显特征。幽默具有重要的适应功能，能够增强婴儿的生命活力，提供更好的环境让婴儿发展技能、认知和语言，帮助婴儿得到更多的关注和照料，提高生存竞争机会。婴幼儿的幽默研究常常采用质性研究方法，以自然观察法和访谈法为主，由研究者模拟或创造幽默情境，观察婴幼儿幽默表现的类别和发展阶段。婴幼儿幽默理解和幽默创造的发展主要受认知发展水平的影响，表现出阶段性和顺序性特征，由身体、感知觉类逐渐发展到言语幽默类，幽默的内容也由具体发展到抽象。家庭教育中应创造幽默氛围，呵护“小小幽默家”；利用发展规律，发挥幽默作用；增加幽默互动，促进人际关系。
• Owing to the importance of studying infant external movements and expressions，and the uniqueness of infant humor characteristics，infant humor usually defined as the funny words or actions which can make infant laugh， and smile or laugh may be considered as the most obvious explicit sign of humor appreciation and production process. The appreciation and production of humor have been credited with many adaptive functions and evolutionary significances， including the enhancement of the physiological quality，cognitive and language abilities，acquiring more care-and-attention focused by caretakers and providing optimized social environment to develop baby’s cognitive skills. Qualitative methods are generally applied in infant humor researches，especially in observational and interviewing method. Researchers observe infant's humor styles，and developmental changes in some situation，in which researchers simulate daily humor or design novel humor. Infant humor consists of humor appreciation and humor production. Infant can perceive and understand some humor behaviors by comparing the reality with internal experiences in the process of humor appreciation. The development of humor production is later than humor appreciation，infant can learn and imitate some funny behaviors from others，and create some unique humor actions along with the development of cognition. The development of infant humor is mainly affected by their cognitive stage. Early infant humor related to the body，then to sensory perception， to verbal，humor content develops from abstractly to concretely，which show stage and succession feature. Parents should protect children’s humor nature by constructing a harmonious family atmosphere；exert the function of humor by following the law of the development；communicate with children humorously to enhance the interpersonal relationship.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc/0102006
• 引用：

  余芬，刘梦雪，许晓勇．婴幼儿幽默的发展及其家庭教育启示［J］.中国心理学前沿，2019，1（2）：80-96.

  https://doi.org/10.35534/pc/0102006