Against the backdrop of increasing global economic inequality, Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), as a key variable measuring individuals’ attitudes toward intergroup inequality, plays a significant role in maintaining and exacerbating economic disparities. This paper explores the concept of SDO and its influencing factors, analyzing the impact of social status, cultural background, gender differences, and racial differences on SDO. It particularly emphasizes the role of intergroup contact in reducing SDO levels, mitigating prejudice, and promoting social equality. Research indicates that positive intergroup contact can effectively lower individuals’ SDO levels, thereby alleviating economic inequality and its negative consequences. Future studies should further investigate cross-cultural differences, situational factors, and policy interventions on SDO, providing theoretical and practical guidance for building a more equitable and harmonious society.