Objective: To explore the effect of maternal parenting style on learning burnout in primary school students, and the mechanism of resilience and hope in it, in order to provide a basis for improving the current situation of primary school students’ academic burnout and improving the mental health level of adolescents. Methods: A total of 893 primary school students in two primary schools in Anhui Province were tested by cluster sampling using the Chinese version of the Simplified Family Parenting Style Questionnaire, the Current Learning Burnout Scale of Primary School Students, the Chinese Version of the Child Hope Scale, and the Adolescent Resilience Scale, and PROCESS was used for data processing. Results: (1) There was a significant correlation between maternal rejection, maternal warmth, maternal overprotection, learning burnout, resilience and hope. (2) Mother’s rejection of parenting style, resilience and hope significantly predicted learning burnout, maternal emotional warmth parenting style, resilience and hope traits significantly predicted learning burnout, and maternal overprotective parenting style, resilience and hope traits significantly predicted learning burnout. (3) After controlling for gender and left-behind factors, maternal rejection, emotional warmth and overprotection could affect learning burnout in primary school students through the chain mediating effect of resilience and hope. Conclusion: Mother’s upbringing style can not only directly and positively predict primary school students’ learning burnout, but also indirectly affect primary school students’ learning burnout through the chain mediating effect of resilience and hope.