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负性生活事件与大学生自杀意念的关系：绝望的中介效应和生命意义感的调节效应

The Impact of Negative Life Events in College Students’ Suicidal Ideation: Mediating Role of Hopelessness and Moderating Role of Meaning in Life

中国心理学前沿 / 2024,6(8)：1439-1451 / 2024-08-27 155 137

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• 作者： 张璇¹      张寒²     
• 单位：

  1．武汉文理学院，武汉；
  2．四川工程职业技术大学，德阳

• 关键词： 负性生活事件；绝望；生命意义感；自杀意念；大学生
• Negative life events; Suicidal ideation; Hopelessness; Meaning in life; College students
• 摘要： 目的：基于自杀风险的绝望理论、自杀的缓冲假设，以积极心理学的视角考察负性生活事件与大学生自杀意念的关系，并探讨绝望的中介作用及生命意义感的调节作用。方法：采用青少年生活事件量表、绝望量表、自杀意念/企图量表和生命意义感量表对七所大学抽样的842名大学生进行问卷调查，最终回收有效问卷824份。结果：（1）负性生活事件对自杀意念的预测作用显著（β=0.33，t=10.30，p<0.001），且当放入中介变量后，负性生活事件对大学生自杀意念的预测作用依然显著（β=0.26，t=8.04，p<0.001）。（2）负性生活事件对绝望的预测作用显著（β=0.26，t=7.95，p<0.001），绝望对自杀意念的预测作用显著（β=0.29，t=8.68，p<0.001）。（3）将生命意义感放入模型后，绝望与生命意义感的乘积对自杀意念的预测作用显著（β=-0.07，t=-2.36，p<0.05）。结论：负性生活事件对大学生自杀意念有显著正向预测作用；绝望在负性生活事件与大学生自杀意念之间起中介作用；生命意义感在绝望作为负性生活事件和大学生自杀意念的中介路径的后半段起调节作用，随着生命意义感的增加，绝望对自杀意念的消极影响减弱。
• Objective: Based on the perspective of positive psychology, a moderated mediation model was constructed to examine whether hopelessness mediated negative life events and college students’ suicidal ideation, and whether this mediating process was moderated by meaning in life. Methods: A sample of 842 college students was surveyed to explore mediating and moderating effects. Results: (1) Negative life events had a significant prediction on college students’ suicidal ideation (β =0.33, t=10.30, p<0.001), and the prediction still significant with the intermediary variable added into the model (β =0.26, t=8.04, p<0.001); (2) Negative life events significantly predicted hopelessness (β =0.26, t=7.95, p<0.001), hopelessness significantly predicted college students’ suicidal ideation (β =0.29, t=8.68, p<0.001); (3) Added meaning in life into the model, the products of hopelessness and meaning in life had a significant prediction on college students’ suicidal ideation (β =-0.07, t=-2.36, p<0.05). Conclusion: Negative life events significantly positively contributed to suicidal ideation. Hopelessness played a mediating role between negative life events and suicidal ideation. The mediating effect of hopelessness on college students’ suicidal ideation was moderated by meaning in life. The negative effect of hopelessness on suicidal ideation diminished as the sense of meaning in life increased.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0608161
• 引用： 张璇，张寒．负性生活事件与大学生自杀意念的关系：绝望的中介效应和生命意义感的调节效应［J］．中国心理学前沿，2024，6（8）：1439-1451．