This study explores the risk factors for workplace depression, especially from a psychosocial perspective. Workplace depression not only affects an individual’s mental health, but also imposes a significant burden on the social economy. This study reviewed the epidemiological data of workplace depression and pointed out that the incidence of workplace depression in China is on the rise, and there are differences among different occupational groups. From a psychosocial perspective, the risk factors for workplace depression include inconsistent workplace expectations, interpersonal tension in the workplace, and improper workplace management. The conflict between sense of responsibility and value, workplace competition, attribution and cognitive biases, lack of decision-making and sense of existence, as well as the leniency of workplace management and the arrangement of work rhythm, all of these factors act together on individuals and constitute a complex network of workplace depression risk. In addition, the study also discusses the impact of cyberpunk culture on workplace depression after the development of science and technology, and points out the resonance between the social form of “high technology, low life” in cyberpunk culture and the psychological state of depressed individuals in the workplace. This study emphasizes the importance of psychosocial perspective in the study of workplace depression, and puts forward future research directions, including exploring the internal mechanism of cyberpunk culture and workplace depression, and how to use the thoughts and spirits of cyberpunk culture to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and intervention of workplace depression.