In this study, 548 college students were surveyed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and P Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with the aim of exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and depression among college students and providing suggestions for further prevention of depression. The results indicated that adverse childhood experiences were positively correlated with the degree of depression. Resilience was negatively correlated with depression. Resilience partially mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression. Enhancing the level of individual resilience can improve their ability to cope with adversity, thereby reducing the risk of depression among college students.