The mental health education courses for college students play an important guiding role in the cultivation of mental health literacy of college students. This study took 191 students in a certain university as the research object and used the mental health literacy scale to examine whether there were significant differences in their mental health literacy before and after the intervention. The results show that the mental health education course aimed at improving mental health literacy can effectively improve the level of mental health literacy of students in private colleges, self-efficacy in dealing with psychological problems, and attitudes towards psychological help, thereby improving students’ psychological quality and achieving the effect of psychological education.