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文化堕距视野下易地扶贫搬迁移民的文化变迁与心理适应——以凉山地区X县彝族移民为例

Cultural Change and Psychological Adaptation of Poverty Alleviation Relocation Migrants from a Cultural Lag Perspective —Taking the Yi Immigrants in X County, Liangshan Area as an Example

中国心理学前沿 / 2024,6(7)：1269-1279 / 2024-08-08 151 133

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• 作者： 肖雪     
• 单位：

  西昌学院，西昌

• 关键词： 文化堕距；易地扶贫搬迁；文化变迁；心理适应
• Cultural lag; Poverty alleviation through relocation; Cultural change; Psychological adaptation
• 摘要： 凉山彝族自古多居住在海拔2～3千米的山区或半山区，因其地理位置的相对孤立和封闭，对当地彝人的生产方式、生活习惯、行为习惯、仪式生活有着极大的影响。随着凉山经济文化的快速发展，山地生活的劣势逐渐凸显，部分彝人陆续从高山往平谷河坝地区迁徙。2015年7月25日，凉山州第七届委员会第七次全体会议通过了《中共凉山州委关于集中力量打赢扶贫开发攻坚战，确保同步全面建成小康社会的决定》，自此，凉山彝区开始了阶段性和规模性的易地搬迁移民工程。从世代熟悉的居住地迁移到他处生活，这些搬迁的彝族乡民因其物质空间和文化空间的变迁，在社会生活、价值观念、文化变迁和心理适应等方面也不可避免地发生了重大变化，而非物质方面的习惯、道德、风俗和观念等方面的适应往往比较缓慢，容易出现“文化堕距”现象。因此，本文从文化堕距视角对凉山地区搬迁彝族群体的文化变迁和心理适应进行分析研究。
• The Yi people in Liangshan have historically resided in mountainous or semi-mountainous areas at an altitude of 2～3 kilometers. Due to their relatively isolated and enclosed geographical location, this has had a significant impact on their production methods, living habits, behavioral habits, and ritual life. With the rapid economic and cultural development of Liangshan, the disadvantages of mountainous life have gradually become apparent, and some Yi people have gradually migrated from the mountains to the flat valley and river basin areas. Having migrated from their familiar habitats for generations to live elsewhere, these relocated Yi ethnic villagers have inevitably undergone significant changes in their social life, values, cultural changes, and psychological adaptation due to the transition of their material and cultural spaces. However, the adaptation in non-material aspects such as habits, morality, customs, and beliefs tends to be slower, potentially leading to the phenomenon of “cultural lag.” Therefore, this article conducts an analytical study on the cultural changes and psychological adaptation of the relocated Yi ethnic group in the Liangshan region from the perspective of cultural lag.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0607142
• 引用： 肖雪．文化堕距视野下易地扶贫搬迁移民的文化变迁与心理适应——以凉山地区X县彝族移民为例［J］．中国心理学前沿，2024，6（7）：1269-1279．