In recent years, adolescents’ non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviours are frequent and mental health problems are becoming more and more acute, and despite the fact that mental health practitioners have made a lot of efforts and explorations, they are still faced with the problems of insufficient awareness, shortage of professional resources, poor communication channels, and incomplete institutional system. Based on the guiding concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, this paper constructs a home-school-community-medical collaborative education community under the background of NSSI for adolescents, explores the “12345” home-school-community-medical collaborative education system with government departments as the core and families, schools, society and medical institutions as the main body, and puts forward targeted implementation strategies, aiming to build a sustainable mental health service system and promote the development of adolescent mental health.