Traditional gender role attitudes are in conflict with the current goal of pursuing gender equality, and understanding the influencing factors of traditional gender role attitudes can help better promote gender equality. This study constructed provincial-level indicators of Chinese clan culture and gender role attitudes using the 2010 and 2014 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data respectively, and the chi-square test showed that there were significant inter-provincial differences in gender role attitudes, and correlation and regression analyses supported that Chinese clan culture positively predicted differences in gender role attitudes, and that the higher the strength of clan culture, the more traditional gender role attitudes were found in the province.