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运动员预期情绪和自我效能对任务表现的影响

Influence of Athletes’ Prospective Emotion and Self-efficacy on Task Performance

中国心理学前沿 / 2024,6(4)：566-575 / 2024-04-18 192 323

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• 作者： 彭多宝¹      刘中猛¹      周路路²     
• 单位：

  1. 中国射击学院，石家庄；
  2. 衡水学院，衡水

• 关键词： 预期情绪；反馈；情绪感受一致性；自我效能感；任务表现
• Prospective emotion; Feedback; Fmotional eeling consistency; Self-efficacy; Task performance
• 摘要： 预期情绪影响人们对后续行为的选择，本研究通过实验法，以运动员为被试，考察运动员对即将完成任务的预期感受如何影响其任务表现。结果发现，预期情绪和反馈的交互作用显著，预期低时，给予积极和消极反馈，被试感受差异不大，但答题正确数量上，积极反馈明显跟多；预期高时，积极反馈提高运动员感受，但两组正确答题数量基本一致。积极反馈时，情绪感受一致性在预期情绪影响任务坚持性（用时）上起完全中介作用。个体自我效能感水平解释了为何预期高低时运动员任务表现不同，预期情绪水平会随着个体自我效能感水平的变化显著预测运动员在任务中所付出的时间努力。结论：运动员对即将完成任务的预期影响任务表现，并通过情绪感受一致性和自我效能感影响个体坚持性，根据运动员对任务预期给予恰当反馈能够促进表现。
• Prospective emotions affect people’s choice of follow-up behavior. This study used experimentalmethods to examine how athletes’ prospective feelings about the task to be completed affect their taskperformance. The results showed that the interaction between prospective emotion and feedback wassignificant. When the prospect was low, positive and negative feedback were given, and the participants’feelings were not significantly different, but the number of correct answers was significantly more positivefeedback. When the prospect is high, positive feedback improves the athlete’s feeling, but the number ofcorrect answers in the two groups is basically the same. When positive feedback is given, the consistencyof emotional feelings plays a complete mediating role in the influence of prospect emotions on taskpersistence (time). The level of individual self-efficacy explains why the athletes’ task performance isdifferent when the prospect is high and low. The prospective emotional level will significantly predictthe athletes’ time effort in the task with the change of individual self-efficacy level. Conclusion: Athletes’prospect of the task to be completed affects task performance, and affects individual persistence throughemotional consistency and self-efficacy. Giving appropriate feedback based on athletes’ prospect of thetask can promote performance.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0604064
• 引用： 彭多宝，刘中猛，周路路．运动员预期情绪和自我效能对任务表现的影响［J］．中国心理学前沿，2024，6（4）：566-575．