A questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in three provinces to investigatethe impact of cumulative ecological risk on college students’ Study engagement and the role of selfaffirmation.The results show that: (1) The cumulative ecological risk level of college students is low, andthe level of self-affirmation and Study engagement is good; (2) There are significant differences in the levelof self-affirmation in grades and majors; There are significant differences in the level of Study engagementbetween genders and grades. (3) The cumulative ecological risk of college students has a significantnegative correlation with self-affirmation and Study engagement, and a significant positive correlationwith self-affirmation and Study engagement; (4) Self-affirmation plays a partial mediating role betweencumulative ecological risk and learning input. To this end, colleges and universities can consciouslycultivate students’ self-affirmation characteristics and healthy and positive attitude, so that they can betterface the adverse impact of cumulative ecological risks on life and study.