In order to investigate the relationship between rural primary school teachers’ professionalidentity, psychological capital and work engagement. This study conducted a questionnaire survey with189 rural primary school teachers as the research subjects, and the results found that: there is a twoby-two positive correlation between professional identity, psychological capital, and work engagement,professional identity and psychological capital can positively predict work engagement, and psychologicalcapital plays a partly intermediary role in the influence of professional identity on work engagement.Conclusion: It is possible to positively influence the level of work engagement of rural primary schoolteachers by improving their professional identity and psychological capital.