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父母民主性教养对幼儿社会能力的影响：有调节的中介模型

How Democratic Parenting Style Influence Preschool-age Children’s Social Competence: A Moderated Mediation Model

中国心理学前沿 / 2024,6(2)：222-235 / 2024-03-07 343 274

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• 作者： 吴辉¹      李翠景²     
• 单位：

  1．湖北商贸学院教育学院，武汉；
  2．华中师范大学心理学院，武汉

• 关键词： 民主性教养；家庭阅读环境；社会能力；父母自我效能感
• Democratic parenting style; Home literacy environment; Parental self-efficacy; Social competence
• 摘要： 幼儿的社会化始于家庭，对幼儿早期社会能力以及家庭环境进行研究，有助于深化理解家庭对幼儿社会性发展的影响机制。本研究采用问卷调查法，以306名幼儿为被试，探讨父母民主性教养与幼儿社会能力的关系，家庭阅读环境的中介作用以及父母自我效能感的调节作用。结果发现在控制了性别和年龄后，父母民主性教养能显著正向预测幼儿社会能力；并且父母民主性教养还通过家庭阅读环境的中介作用间接预测幼儿社会能力；父母自我效能感在家庭阅读环境与幼儿社会能力之间具有调节作用。具体来说，当父母自我效能感较高时，家庭阅读环境对幼儿社会能力的预测作用更强。这表明父母自我效能感是幼儿社会能力发展的强化因子，即父母自我效能感会增加幼儿的社会能力发展。为发挥积极家庭环境对幼儿社会能力发展的促进作用，父母应有意识地提升自我效能感，对自己能够胜任父母角色有信心，并使用民主的教养方式为幼儿营造良好的家庭阅读环境。此外，让低自我效能感的父母接受有针对性的干预训练也是有必要的。
• Children need to develop various competencies throughout early childhood for their lateracademic and social success, and Family is the initial place for children’s socialization. Thus the presentstudy would examine the relationship between democratic parenting style and preschool children’ socialcompetence, the mediating role of the home literacy environment and test the role of parental self-efficacyin the mediating path. The results indicated that after controlling for gender and grades, democraticparenting style positively predicted preschool children’ social competence. The home literacy environmentpartially mediated the relationship between democratic parenting style positively and preschool children’ssocial competence. And Parental self-efficacy significantly moderated the prediction of home literacyenvironment on preschool children’ social competence. Specifically, this prediction was more significantin families of high parental self-efficacy. This indicates that parental self-efficacy is a strengthening factorof children’s social competence development, that is, parental self-efficacy will increase the developmentof children’s social competence. In order to play the role of positive family environment in promoting thedevelopment of children’s social ability, parents should consciously improve their sense of self-efficacy,have confidence in their competence as parents, and use democratic parenting methods to create a goodhome reading environment for children. In addition, it is necessary for parents with low parental selfefficacyto receive targeted intervention training.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0602025
• 引用： 吴辉．父母民主性教养对幼儿社会能力的影响：有调节的中介模型［J］．中国心理学前沿，2024，6（2）：222-235．