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对有利不公平的拒绝是直觉还是反思？ ——自我构念的调节作用

Advantageous Inequity Aversion is Intuitive or Reflective? The Moderation Role of Self-construal

Psychology of China / 2024,6(2): 146-156 / 2024-02-23 579 388

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• Authors: 姚宇航     
• Information:

  广西师范大学教育学部，桂林

• Keywords: 有利不公平厌恶；双系统理论；自我构念；社会文化
• Advantageous inequity aversion; Dual-process theory; Self-construal; Sociocultural
• Abstract: 拒绝利己追求公平是大部分个体存在的一种亲社会偏好，表现为有利不公平厌恶。基于双系统理论，许多研究试图回答这种有利不公平厌恶是快速的直觉反应还是理性加工的结果，但目前结论并不明确且尚无研究从个体的社会文化背景角度探讨这一问题。本文从自我构念（独立vs互依）的角度入手，启动个体的独立或互依自我构念，通过时间限制（时间压力vs时间延迟）操控个体的直觉或反思思维。以对有利不公平的拒绝率为指标，探究有利不公平厌恶是直觉还是反思是否以及如何受到自我构念的调控。结果发现互依自我构念启动后，直觉思维个体表现出更强的有利不公平厌恶；独立自我构念启动后，反思思维的个体表现出更强的有利不公平厌恶。说明互依自我构念下，有利不公平厌恶是直觉的，而独立自我构念下，是反思的。本研究首次发现社会文化因素能够调控有利不公平厌恶的直觉反思性，增进了对自我构念在亲社会行为认知加工作用上的认识，也为更好解释公平直觉反思之争提供实证依据。
• Rejecting advantageous inequity to pursue interpersonal fairness is a prosocial preference ofmost individuals, which manifests as advantageous inequity aversion. Under the framework of dualprocesstheory, previous research has attempted to investigate whether this advantageous inequityaversion is a quick intuitive response or the result of reflective thinking. However, the answer is not clearand whether individuals’ cultural orientation (i.e., self-construal) matters is still unknown. In currentstudy, we used self-construal priming to temporally activate individuals’ independent or interdependentself-construal, and manipulated individual’s intuitive or reflective thinking through time constrain (timepressure vs time delay). Taking rejection rate of advantageous inequity as an indicator, we tested whetherand how self-construal modulates intuition/reflection of advantageous inequity aversion. Results showedthat, after interdependent priming, individuals with intuitive mindset showed stronger advantageousinequity aversion than reflective mindset, while after independent priming, individuals with intuitivemindset showed weaker advantageous inequity aversion than reflective mindset. That means, forindividuals with interdependent self-construal, advantageous inequity aversion is intuitive, while forindividuals with independent self-construal, it is reflective. Our study provides first empirical evidencethat the intuition/reflection of advantageous inequity aversion was modulated by individuals’ culturalorientation, which helps to clarify the debate of intuitive or reflective advantageous inequity aversion andalso provides better understanding of the role of self-construal on prosocial behavior.
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0602016
• Cite: 姚宇航．对有利不公平的拒绝是直觉还是反思？——自我构念的调节作用［J］．中国心理学前沿，2024，6（2）：146-156．