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对外群体的幸灾乐祸促进内群体互助

Outgroup Schadenfreude Promotes Ingroup Mutual Aid

中国心理学前沿 / 2023,5(6)：641-649 / 2023-06-16 311 322

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• 作者： 刘潜      江源      曹俊辉      衣芸萱      张彦彦     
• 单位：

  吉林大学哲学社会学院，长春

• 关键词： 幸灾乐祸；社会情绪；道德；归属感；内群体积极行为
• Schadenfreude; Social emotion; Moral; Belonging; Positive intragroup behavior
• 摘要： 幸灾乐祸是人类普遍存在的一种社会情绪，但现有对幸灾乐祸的理解还不够透彻，有关幸灾乐祸的后效研究不充足。本研究通过设计实验来检验幸灾乐祸的积极后效，并基于幸灾乐祸在群际互动中的机能来厘清幸灾乐祸情绪阴暗性和普遍性的理论矛盾。研究假设对外群体的幸灾乐祸可以促进对内群体的积极行为，归属感在这一效应中起中介作用。研究结果表明，尽管对外群体的幸灾乐祸能够促进内群体积极行为的意愿，但归属感的中介效应并不显著。我们考虑了可能影响结果的原因，从实验设计、测量工具和测量指标等方面为进一步的研究提供了思路和注意事项。另外，本研究还发现观看他人不道德行为会促进自身的道德行为，这与以往社会学习理论的预测和研究结果在表面上相悖。关于群际互动的讨论为进一步的研究提供了启发。
• Schadenfreude is a widespread social emotion among humans, but the existing understanding of schadenfreude is not thorough enough and the aftereffects of schadenfreude are not well studied. This study was designed to examine the positive aftereffects of Schadenfreude and to clarify the theoretical contradiction between the moral darkness and the existence of Schadenfreude based on the function of Schadenfreude in intergroup interactions. The study hypothesized that out-group schadenfreude could promote positive intragroup behavior, with belonging mediating this effect. The findings suggest that although outgroup schadenfreude can promote ingroup willingness to behave positively, the mediating effect of belonging is not significant. We consider the reasons that may affect the results and provide ideas and considerations for further research in terms of experimental design, measurement tools, and measurement indicators. In addition, this study found that viewing others’ immoral behavior promotes the effect of one’s own moral behavior, which is contrary to the predictions and findings of social learning theory. The discussion of intergroup interactions provides inspiration for further research.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0506073
• 引用： 刘潜，江源，曹俊辉，等．对外群体的幸灾乐祸促进内群体互助［J］．中国心理学前沿，2023，5（6）：641-649．