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紧急事件应激晤谈对飞行员心理健康状况的影响

Incident Stress Debriefing on the Psychological Situation of Pilots Exposed to Aviation Accident

中国心理学前沿 / 2022,4(4)：564-570 / 2022-05-07 484 380

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• 作者： 籍元婕¹      王真真²      张红梅²     
• 单位：

  1．山西大学教育科学学院，太原；
  2．解放军南部战区空军总医院，广州

• 关键词： 飞行事故；飞行员；紧急事件应激晤谈
• Aviation accident; Pilots; Critical incident stress debriefing
• 摘要： 目的：研究飞行事故发生单位飞行员心理健康状况的紧急事件应激晤谈效果。方法：采用症状自评量表和社会支持评定量表，对事故发生单位32 名飞行员进行心理评估，开展紧急事件应激晤谈，事故后3 个月再次测评。对照组为驾驶相同机型、安全飞行的飞行员。结果：飞行事故后，事故所在单位的飞行员出现急性心理应激反应，社会支持的利用程度明显下降。结论：紧急事件应激晤谈对事故发生单位的飞行员心理健康状况具有明显促进作用。
• Objective: Most studies indicate that the aviation accident frequently produce traumatic stress reactions in pilots. Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is the method of crisis intervention through talking. CISD can relieve both acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, CISD was seldom applied on the mental health state of pilots who exposed to an aviation accident when they service in the army. Our investigation was conducted to study the effect of incident stress debriefing on the psychological health situation of pilots who exposed to an aviation accident. Methods: 32 pilots were investigated with symptom checklist 90(SCL-90), and social support revalued scale (SSRS) within 48 hours after air accident. Critical incident stress debriefing was carried out immediately after assessment. SCL-90 and SSRS were tested again 3 months later. 30 pilots who didn’t suffer the accident in the same time were analyzed and compared. Total SCL-90 score and scores of 10 factors in pilots were significantly higher than those in control group before CISD (p<0.01). After CISD, total SCL-90 score and scores of 10 factors were significantly decreased than those before CISD except depression (p<0.01). Depression, anxiety scores of SCL-90 were significantly higher than those in control group (p<0.01). After CISD, the percentages of total SCL-90 score which had more than 178 points, positive item which had more than 43 items and scores of 10 factors scores which had more than two points were significantly decreased than those before CISD. Total SCL-90 score and scores of 10 factors were no significant difference 3 months before and after in control group (p>0.05). In SSRS measurement, score of the internal and external tendency scale was significantly lower than those in control group before CISD (p<0.01)．After CISD, scores of the objective and subjective support ,utilization of social support, and support total score were significantly higher than those in control group before CISD (p<0.05, p<0.01)．Scores of the objective and subjective support and support total score were significantly higher than those in control group after 3 months (p>0.05). Scores of SSRS were no significant difference 3 months before and after in control group (p>0.05). Results: As important stressor, aviation accident had negative impact on mental health of pilots, including depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and lunacy. Some pilots expressed obvious interpersonal problems, such as being alone, afraid of social, and refusing to communicate. Pilots who have suffered accident have lower mental health level, poorer coping style, smaller social support utilization. Critical incident stress debriefing is systematic model of crisis intervention, which can effectively relieve acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Through critical incident stress debriefing, psychological health situation and social support show significant improvement. Meanwhile, some items were still abnormal after CISD, including depression, anxiety scores in SCL-90. Conclusion: The results clearly showed CISD could significantly improve the psychological health situation of pilots who exposed to an aviation accident, and the psychological intervention should be continuous and comprehensive.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0404069
• 引用： 籍元婕，王真真，张红梅．紧急事件应激晤谈对飞行员心理健康状况的影响［J］．中国心理学前沿，2022，4（4）：564-570．