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刻板印象威胁的延迟效应：刻板印象威胁外溢

The Lingering Effects of Stereotype Threat: Stereotype Threat Spillover

中国心理学前沿 / 2019,1(7)：453-475 / 2019-09-19 6487 9135

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• 作者： 王祯      辛勇*     
• 单位：

  西南科技大学法学院应用心理系，绵阳

• 关键词： 刻板印象威胁外溢；刻板印象威胁；自我损耗；执行控制
• Stereotype threat spillover；Stereotype threat；Ego depletion；Executive control
• 摘要： 刻板印象威胁外溢即一种情境困境，在该困境中个体为应对当前的消极刻板印象，使其自身处于自我损耗状态，进而对随后需要大量执行控制的任务产生消极影响。由于刻板印象威胁外溢是刻板印象威胁消极影响的延迟化，因此把握刻板印象威胁外溢及其干预措施尤为重要。基于此，首先从情境困境、消极效应和心理机制这三个方面对刻板印象威胁外溢与刻板印象威胁的关系予以阐述，然后围绕刻板印象威胁压力应对模型论述其理论解释，接着从行为和学业这两个领域展开相关研究，并在此基础上从个人和社会角度探讨了可能的干预措施。最后，指出未来研究应进一步扩大探讨领域，增加被试多样性，细化干预措施以及结合更多认知神经手段以提高研究信度。
• Stereotype threat spillover is kind of a situation predicament in that individuals dealing with negative stereotype are in a state of being ego depletion. It then results in the increased difficulties in any subsequent tasks requiring the amount of executive control. Previous studies on the negative effects of stereotype threat have focused on the stereotyped field，but they have ignored the fact that this negative impact lingers on non-stereotyped fields. In other words，the stereotype threat spillover is the lingering effects of the stereotype threat. However，it has been indicated this phenomenon occurs due to the underestimation in the negative effects of stereotype threat. The understanding of stereotype threat spillover and its relevant interventions would be necessary. Here，we first present the relationship between stereotype threat and stereotype threat spillover in terms of the situation predicament，negative effects and psychological mechanisms. Then the theoretical explanations have been discussed by the stress and coping model of stereotype threat. The relevant research in both behaviors and academics，and the potential interventions from the perspectives of societies which include threat reappraisal and mindfulness meditation，and individuals which include reducing stereotyped content in the media，exposure to ingroup positive role models and changes to the threaten environment，has been discussed as well. At the end，this paper suggests much more focus would be considered in the future research to enhance the reliability of research，including expansion of its field，increased diversities of participants，refined interventions，and the combination with more cognitive neural techniques to name a few.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0107029
• 引用： 王祯，辛勇．刻板印象威胁的延迟效应：刻板印象威胁外溢［J］.中国心理学前沿，2019，1（7）：453-475.
  https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0107029