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集体主义与个人主义文化中的社会支持差异

Differences in Social Support between Collectivist and Individualistic Cultures

中国心理学前沿 / 2021,3(3)：271-277 / 2021-03-18 1919 739

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• 作者： 刘思琦     
• 单位：

  武汉大学哲学学院心理系，武汉

• 关键词： 文化；社会支持；集体主义；个人主义
• Culture; Social support; Collectivism; Individualism
• 摘要： 社会支持作为个体面对压力情景时，最有效的应对手段之一，对个体的身心健康有重要的影响。受不同文化影响的个体在需要社会支持时的行为表现有一定差异。本文将讨论集体主义与个人主义文化的差异，以及这两种文化差异带来的社会支持寻求、寻求动机、来源、对亲密关系的影响等多个角度的差异。集体主义文化是一种集体利益为大、个体愿意为了集体利益而牺牲的含蓄的文化。个体在面对压力时，往往不会明确的向他人寻求帮助，个体偏好于内隐的、被动获得的社会支持；而个人主义文化是一种个人利益为重、个体愿意主动积极追求个人利益的文化，个体在面对压力时，会主动积极地向外界寻求帮助，个体偏好于外显的、主动寻求的社会支持。
• Social support, as one of the most effective coping means for individuals in stressful situations, has an important impact on their physical and mental health. Individuals influenced by different cultures have certain differences in their behavior when they need social support. This paper will discuss the cultural differences between collectivism and individualism, as well as the differences in social support seeking, motivation seeking, sources and influence on intimate relationships brought about by these two cultural differences. Collectivist culture is a kind of implicit culture in which individuals are willing to sacrifice for the great collective interests. When faced with pressure, individuals often do not explicitly seek help from others and prefer implicit and passive social support. Individualism culture is a kind of culture that puts personal interests first and individuals are willing to actively pursue personal interests. When faced with pressure, individuals will take the initiative to seek help from the outside world, and individuals prefer explicit and active social support.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0303033
• 引用： 刘思琦．集体主义与个人主义文化中的社会支持差异［J］．中国心理学前沿，2021，3（3）：271-277．