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教练员执教行为与运动员心理坚韧性的关系 ——基于自我决定理论

The Relationship between Coaching Behavior of Coaches and Mental Toughness of Athletes —Based on Self Determination Theory

中国心理学前沿 / 2020,2(12)：1291-1300 / 2020-12-24 733 954

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• 作者： 牛鹏程     
• 单位：

  香港体育学院，香港

• 关键词： 基本心理需求；运动员；心理坚韧性；结构方程模型
• Basic psychological needs; Athletes; Mental toughness; Structural equations model
• 摘要： 目的：基于自我决定理论，探索教练员的执教行为（自主支持和控制）与运动员心理坚韧性的关系，并检验三种基本心理需求在教练员执教行为和运动员心理坚韧性之间的中介效应。方法：采用自主支持感知量表、教练员控制量表、基本心理需求满足量表、基本心理需求阻滞量表、心理坚韧性量表对 497 名 12 至 28 岁 GD 省级现役运动员施测，并通过 SPSS 和结构方程建模对数据加以分析。结果：通过分析模型中潜在变量的路径关系发现，教练员的自主支持行为可以通过基本心理需求满足对运动员心理坚韧性产生影响，且通过胜任感的影响最大。教练员的执教行为（控制和自主支持）通过心理需求阻滞对运动员心理坚韧性的影响不显著。
• Objective: Based on the Basic Psychological Needs Theory, this study aims to explore the relationship between coaching environment (autonomy support or control) and mental toughness of athletes, as well as to test the mediating effect of basic psychological needs. Methods: For this study, 497 elite athletes (12-28 years old) who were voluntarily recruited as participants from Guangdong Province were invited to complete five self-report questionnaires which included: The 6-item Chinese Version of Health-Care Climate Questionnaire, The 15- item Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale, The 8-item Mental Toughness Index, The 12-item Psychological Need Thwarting Scale and The 16-item Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale. Structural equations modeling method and SPSS were used to analyze the data. Result: Results of the analysis of structural equations model supported a good fit index scores, which indicated that the autonomy support from coaches can indirectly influence mental toughness of athletes by psychological needs satisfaction, and the impact of competence is the greatest. But the coaching environment (autonomy support or control) only directly influence psychological needs thwarting.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0212100
• 引用： 牛鹏程．教练员执教行为与运动员心理坚韧性的关系——基于自我决定理论［J］．中国心理学前沿，2020，2（12）： 1291-1300．