国际中文开源期刊平台

影响高水平乒乓球运动员状态性自信心的主要因素及对策

Research on the Main Factors Influencing the State Self-confidence of High Level Table Tennis Players and the Countermeasures

中国心理学前沿 / 2019,1(5)：318-337 / 2019-07-18 6272 9639

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• 作者： 熊志超     
• 单位：

  锋恒国际体育有限公司，中国香港

• 关键词： 乒乓球；高水平运动员；自信心；心理应激；心理能量；内在注意力；逆境应对策略
• Table tennis; High-level athletes; Self-confidence; Psychological stress; Psychological energy; Intrinsic attention; Coping strategies against adversity
• 摘要： 自信心对每一个运动员的成长来说至关重要，如何建立自信心关系到比赛的胜负。笔者通过对中国顶尖男女运动员四个状态性自信心：“过低自信心”“不足自信心”“适宜自信心”“虚假自信心”的成功与失败案例进行心理分析。结果表明：影响高水平乒乓球运动员状态性自信心的主要因素就是心理应激，导致运动员的心理能量过高，影响比赛成绩，教练员的能力和运动员的心理素质也是重要因素。解决方案，笔者为运动员如何调整好心态方面进行教学与训练的技战术及心理素质实景模拟比赛训练方案的设计并结合逆境应对策略。实践证明，运动员水平再高、技术再先进都逃不过心理应激对技战术能力的干扰，最终心理素质还是会左右他们的比赛胜负。由此得出结论：乒乓球运动员的整体自信心必须建立在先进的、熟练的专项技能和良好的心理素质两个基础之上，这是衡量运动员整体自信心优劣的分水岭，两者缺一不可。它们之间的关系应看成是一个相辅相成的整体，它们之间的差距不宜过大，这是衡 量教练员水平的试金石。
• Self-confidence is very important for the growth of every athlete. How to build self-confidence is related to the success of the competition. The author makes a psychological analysis of the success and failure cases of four state self-confidence of top Chinese male and female athletes: "too low self-confidence", "insufficient self-confidence", "appropriate self-confidence", "false self-confidence". The results show that the main factor affecting state self-confidence of top Chinese table tennis players is psychological stress, which leads to the athletes'psychological energy being too high. Sounds the competition result. Solution, the author for athletes how to adjust the mentality aspects of teaching and training techniques and tactics and psychological quality of the scene simulation competition training program design and combined with adversity coping strategies. Practice has proved that no matter the level of athletes is high or the technology is advanced, they can not escape the interference of psychological stress on their technical and tactical abilities. Finally, their psychological quality will influence their victory or defeat in the competition. It is concluded that the overall self-confidence of athletes must be based on advanced and skilled special skills and good psychological quality, both of which are indispensable. The relationship between them should be regarded as a complementary whole, and the gap between them should not be too large. This is the watershed to measure the overall self-confidence of athletes and the touchstone to measure the level of coaches.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc/0105021​
• 引用： 熊志超．影响高水平乒乓球运动员状态性自信心的主要因素及对策［J］. 中国心理学前沿，2019，1（5）：318-337. https://doi.org/10.35534/pc/0105021