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Legal Traditions of the West and China
ISSN Print: 2710-4397
ISSN Online: 2710-4400
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中世纪欧洲神明裁判的合理性——从认知断罪、司法裁判、人身保障三个层面分析
Legal Traditions of the West and China
/
2023,3(2): 143-149 / 2023-06-25
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Authors:
阮芳惠
Information:
华东政法大学
Keywords:
神明裁判;合理性;辨罪功能;司法困境;人身保障
Abstract:
区别于韦伯对神明裁判“形式非理性”的定性,神明裁判的合理性指神明裁判在观念上可以为中世纪欧洲人所接受或为之辩解。中世纪欧洲神明裁判的合理性体现在认知断罪、司法裁判和人身保障的三个层面。认知断罪层面,基于中世纪欧洲神判信仰,神明裁判具有分辨被告人罪与非罪的功能,进而使疑难刑事案件得以解决;司法裁判层面,神明裁判使裁判官免于面对成为“杀人犯”的道德困境,也作为兜底的特殊裁判方式实现了案件的实体正义;人身保障层面,相较于更晚出现的刑讯,神明裁判对被告人身权利的侵害要少得多,同时在实践中“宁可错放也不错杀”也保障了被告人的人身权利。结合所处的欧洲中世纪背景分析,现代人看来荒谬、不科学的神明裁判,也具有一定的合理性。
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35534/ltwc.0302012
Cite:
阮芳惠.中世纪欧洲神明裁判的合理性——从认知断罪、司法裁判、人身保障三个层面分析[J].中西法律传统,2023,3(2):143-149.
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