国际中文开源期刊平台

新中国民法典编纂的历史检视

Historical Review of the New China Civil Code Codification

中西法律传统 / 2021,1(3)：31-39 / 2021-08-30 303 314

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• 作者： 李运达     
• 单位：

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• 关键词： 《民法典》；民法现代化；民法总则；人格权编；民事责任
• "Civil Code"; Modernization of civil law; General principles of civil law; Edition of personality rights; Civil liability
• 摘要： 回顾新中国民法典编纂历程，其大致可以被划分为两个阶段：建国初期至十一届三中全会借鉴苏联经验；十一届三中全会之后逐渐开始探索本土体系。我国民法典体系的形成过程，事实上也是西方的权利观念、社会主义公有制印记、中国传统法律文化与现代法律精神共同博弈与融合的过程。法律文化的多元性是我国数次民法典编纂均告失败的原因之一，民法典被部分学者所诟病的经验性，也不过是兼顾历史与现实因素而在法典形式上所作出的妥协。法需与时俱进，随时而转，应当承认，外部经济及政治、文化影响，对我国历次民法典编纂影响甚多。但无论如何，本次法典编纂未再系统的照搬他国经验，对总则、债法及人身权体系所进行的改造，相当程度系基于我国实践经验，其实用主义的立法态度值得肯定。本次民法典得以顺利通过，亦将成为我国政治经济文化进步之佐证。
• Looking back at the compilation process of the New China Civil Code, it can be roughly divided into two stages: from the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee for learning from the Soviet experience; after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, it gradually began to explore the local system. The formation process of our civil code system is, in fact, a process in which the Western concept of rights, the imprint of socialist public ownership, Chinese traditional legal culture and modern legal spirit play together and merge. The diversity of legal culture is one of the reasons for the failure of our country's several civil code codifications. The empirical nature of the civil code criticized by some scholars is nothing but a compromise in the form of the code by taking into account historical and practical factors. Laws need to advance with the times and change at any time. It should be recognized that external economic, political, and cultural influences have had a lot of influence on the compilation of my country's civil codes. But in any case, the codification of this code has not systematically copied the experience of other countries, and the transformation of the general rules, debt law and personal rights system is based on my country's practical experience to a large extent. Its pragmatic legislative attitude is worthy of recognition. The successful passage of the Civil Code will also serve as a testament to my country's political, economic and cultural progress.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/ltwc.0103004
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