This paper examines the differences between the original Chinese poem “The Moon Over the River on a Spring Night” and its English translations in terms of phonetic prosody, textual morphology, and grammatical attributes. English poetry emphasizes temporality and linear features, whereas Chinese poetry values spatiality and multidimensional characteristics. The results indicate that the temporal-spatial differences between English and Chinese languages involve national thinking patterns, supporting the claim that there are temporal-spatial differences between English and Chinese. Additionally, due to the differing rhythms of English and Chinese languages and the distinct musicality and rhythm of poetic language, awareness of phonetic prosody is crucial in poetry translation. This study provides a reference for poetry translation and English-Chinese language comparison, contributing to the understanding of the linguistic characteristics and cultural differences between English and Chinese poetry.