this paper takes the Japanese translation of ‘In Hard Times’as the research object, combines with Eco-translatology theory put forward, analyzes Japanese translation from the perspective of three-dimensional transformation of language, communication and culture. In terms of culture, the translator adopts the strategy of heterogeneous translation as far as possible, striving to fully convey the cultural connotation of the source language in order to avoid cultural loss; in terms of communication, the translator flexibly uses the strategies of domestication and foreignization, and uses the appropriate translation to portray the characters and describe their feelings, which is constrained by the ecological environment of translation, but the translator has made a good adaptive choice to present a high degree of conversion for the readers.