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“自性画像”何样？“自身羊群的牧羊人”与“自己的仰慕者”——日记及变相自传研究与苏珊·桑塔格艺术“魔力”探索

What about “self portrait”? “Shepherd of his own Sheep”and “Admirer of his Own” ——Diary and Disguised Autobiography and the Exploration of Susan Sontag’s Art “Magic”

语言学 / 2021,3(1)：81-136 / 2021-03-11 599 1079

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• 作者： 张艺     
• 单位：

  南京理工大学，南京

• 关键词： 自传；变相自传；隐秘自传；对话；精神肖像；苏珊·桑塔格
• Autobiography; Disguised autobiography; Secret autobiography; Dialogue; Spiritual portrait; Susan Sontag
• 摘要： 内容提要 外国文学中的自传文学的“直接”与“间接”问题一直是传记作家与传记文学研究者热衷将目光投向的话题。日记、病志文学、访谈录文学等与作家不同程度袒露心曲的文学相关联的文本更是成了传记与见证文学学者的第一手的研究资料。我们主张不完全从传记文学的视角绘制作家的精神肖像，强调重视作家主体的对话性与交往性，也就是主体间性在写作哲学问题上的表现与变化。新闻体裁的访谈，其中设计的问题以及作家主体对读者反应批评的批评，更是彰显出作家创作的主体性地位是未完成、意识流、对话与敞开的。这种将自我精神投射到亲密文友的精神痕迹的自我再塑造，既可以理解为作家写作紧张症的纾解这一心理学学科上熟悉心象强迫症的主观价值，同时还应该理解为作家人道主义的情结与思想的倾向。我们作为客观的研究应该清醒地意识到作家在寻觅异端为伍的心声与倾向，反映的是作家信仰的精神价值遭到了扭曲；我们作为她的见证者，所持有的研究立场应当是人道主义的，这是国际主义的首要宗旨。
• Abstract The “direct” and “indirect” problems of autobiographical literature in for-eign literatures have always been a hot topic for biographers and biographical litera-ture researchers.Diary, disease literature, interview literature and other literatures related to the author’s different degrees of exposure to the heart has became first-hand research materials of biography and witness literature.We advocate that the author's spiritual portrait should not be drawn completely from the perspective of biographical literature, and emphasize the dialogic and communicative nature of the writer's subject, that is, the expression and change of intersubjectivity on the issue of writing philosophy.In the interview of news genre, the design of questions and the writer’s critical response as a subject to the readers’ criticism show that the subjec-tivity of the writer’s creation is unfinished, like stream of consciousness, through dialogue and by openness.This kind of self remolding, which projects self spirit to those spiritual traces of close literary friends, can be understood as the relief of the writer’s writing tension, which is familiar with the subjective value of mental image obsessive-compulsive disorder in the psychological discipline, and should also be understood as the writer’s humanitarian complex and ideological inclination.As an objective researcher, we should be aware of the writer’s aspiration and tendency to seek heresy, which reflects the distortion of the spiritual value of the writer’s be-lief;while as her witnesses, our research position should be humanitarian, which is the primary purpose of internationalism.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/lin.0301005
• 引用： 张艺．“自性画像何样？”“自身羊群的牧羊人”与“自己的仰慕者”——日记及变相自传研究与 苏珊·桑塔格艺术“魔力”探索［J］．语言学，2021，3（1）：81-136． https://doi.org/10.35534/lin.0301005