国际中文开源期刊平台

新兴构式“最 N”的语法化研究

Grammaticalization of the New Construction “Zui +N”

语言学 / 2020,2(3)：101-111 / 2020-07-03 1161 1911

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• 作者： 洪洁     
• 单位：

  南京邮电大学外国语学院，南京

• 关键词： “最 N”；语法化；新兴构式；共时变化
• “Zui + N”; Grammaticalization; New Construction; Synchronic change
• 摘要： 新兴构式“最 N”表达主体充分具备“最”后面的名词所应有的属性、 形象或气质等。 进入“最 N”构式的名词以场所名词和人物名词居多，其语义 特征为“除概念意义外，还需具备联想义，且该联想义是名词指示对象的典型 属性”。与传统用法相比，新兴构式中的“最”在句法上的搭配构词能力增强， 在语义上经历了“较少抽象义→更多抽象义”的变化，在语用上经历了“客观 性→较少主观性”的变化过程。“最 N”的经济简练、形象传神、标新立异使 其受到人们的广泛关注、采纳和运用。这既是其语法化的动因之一，反过来也 加速了“程度副词 +N”这一语言形式的语法化进程。
• The new construction “Zui + N” expresses that the subject fully possesses the attribute, image or temperament of the noun behind “Zui”. Place nouns and character nouns are the most common nouns in the “Zui + N” construction. The semantic feature of nouns is “in addition to conceptual meaning, it also needs to have associative meaning, which is a typical attribute of the noun indicating object”. Compared with traditional usage, the syntactic ability of “Zui” in new constructions is enhanced. It has experienced the change of “less abstract meaning → more abstract meaning” semantically. In pragmatics, it has gone through the process of “objectivity → less subjectivity”. Economic simplicity, vivid image and innovation of the “Zui + N” construction make it widely concerned, adopted and used by people. This is one of the motivations of the grammaticalization, and in turn, it also accelerates the grammaticalization processes of “Degree Adverb + N”.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/lin.0203011
• 引用： 洪洁．新兴构式“最 N”的语法化研究［J］．语言学，2020，2（3）：101-111．
  https://doi.org/10.35534/lin.0203011