Integrating team potency theory and shared leadership theory, we proposed a moderated-mediation model to explain how team potency and shared leadership contributed to team performance. We use the data collected from 150 teams of clinicians in 12 teaching hospitals to test the proposed model, results showed that shared leadership partially mediates the relationship between team potency and team performance; the relationship between shared leadership and team performance will be stronger when team proactive personality is high; the mediation effect of shared leadership on the relationship between team potency and team performance will be stronger when team proactive personality is high. These findings deepen our standings of team potency theory and shared leadership theory, and provide insights into team building and team management.