With the General Secretary Xi Jinping’s advocacy for deepening collectivist education and the rise and development of positive psychology, the cultivation of students’ sense of belonging has become increasingly important. This paper summarizes the fields involved in the study of students’ sense of belonging in school and the influencing factors of students’ sense of belonging in school, lists the characteristics of students in foreign language colleges and universities, discusses the significance of the study of students’ sense of belonging in foreign language colleges and universities, and discusses the characteristics, influencing factors and improvement paths of students’ sense of belonging in foreign language colleges and universities from the perspective of positive psychology, which are mainly discussed in detail in six aspects: strengthening organizational culture construction, carrying out collective activities, implementing effective strategies, establishing good teacher-student relationship, strengthening class management services, and creating an inclusive and pluralistic environment, so as to provide useful references for ideological and political workers in foreign language colleges and universities.