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中、美教育学硕士研究生招生考试制度比较研究——基于制度逻辑理论视角

Comparative Study on the Admission Examination System of Master’s Degree Students in Education between China and the United States —Based on the Perspective of Institutional Logic Theory

教育研讨 / 2025,7(1)：22-29 / 2025-01-20 17 18

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• 作者： 徐子奇      苏兰     
• 单位：

  江西师范大学教育学院，南昌

• 关键词： 制度逻辑理论；招生考试制度；教育学硕士研究生；中国；美国
• Institutional Logic Theory; Admission and Examination System; Master’s Degree in Education; China; USA
• 摘要： 教育学专业硕士研究生招生考试制度的制定和应用是一项受到诸多因素影响的系统性工程。本文基于制度逻辑理论，分析中、美两国教育学硕士研究生招生考试制度的差异。从制度制定目的和教育决策主体的角度，比较两国国家行为逻辑的差异；从就业市场的不同需求导向，比较两国市场行为逻辑的区别；从招生对象、具体流程和考试内容的角度，比较两国高校行为逻辑的不同；最后，从个人行为逻辑出发，比较两国高校学生为通过该考试所做准备的差别。在比较与分析的基础上，我国教育学硕士研究生招考制度应从以下几个维度进行优化：决策主体维度应将“国家主控”与“高校自主”有机结合；招生录取标准维度应从“应试教育”向“素质教育”转变；招生考试程序维度应以“个性化服务”代替“统一化管理”；市场需求维度应加快从“知识本位”向“能力本位”逐步过渡。
• The formulation and application of the entrance examination system for master’s degree students in education is a systematic project affected by many factors. Based on the theory of institutional logic, this paper analyzes the differences between the entrance examination systems for master’s degree students in education between China and the United States. From the perspective of the purpose of system formulation and the subject of educational decisionmaking, the differences in the national behavior logic of the two countries are compared; from the perspective of different demand orientations of the employment market, the differences in the market behavior logic of the two countries are compared; from the perspective of admission targets, specific processes and examination contents, the differences in the behavior logic of universities in the two countries are compared; finally, from the perspective of individual behavior logic, the differences in the preparations made by students in universities in the two countries to pass the examination are compared. Based on the comparison and analysis, the entrance examination system for master’s degree students in education in my country should be optimized from the following dimensions: the dimension of decision-making subjects should organically combine “state control” with “university autonomy”; the dimension of enrollment and admission standards should change from “examination-oriented education” to “qualityoriented education”; the dimension of enrollment examination procedures should replace “unified management” with “personalized services”; the dimension of market demand should accelerate the gradual transition from “knowledgebased” to “ability-based”.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/es.0701006
• 引用： 徐子奇，苏兰．中、美教育学硕士研究生招生考试制度比较研究——基于制度逻辑理论视角［J］．教育研讨，2025，7（1）：22-29．