With the rapid development of Internet technology, online learning has risen rapidly in universities, which forms a sharp contrast with the traditional learning. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of online learning and traditional learning in Beijing municipal universities through literature and interview surveys. The research results show that online learning, with its flexible and convenient advantages, has improved students’ selflearning ability and resource utilization efficiency, but at the same time, it also faces the problems of limited teacherstudent interaction and high requirements for student self-discipline. In contrast, traditional learning performs well in systematic knowledge transmission and real-time interactive feedback, but the teaching methods are relatively single and difficult to meet the diverse learning needs of students. This study also proposes specific improvement measures, including strengthening teacher training, optimizing online learning platforms, and innovating traditional learning methods. In addition, the study also explored the construction of a blended learning model that combines online and offline learning methods, aiming to achieve complementary advantages between the two learning models. This study provides useful reference and inspiration for the reform of learning models in Beijing municipal universities and even wider universities.