The construction of teaching cases in textile specialty courses is extremely important. By deconstructing the classic paper “On a New Kind of Rays” from the journal Nature, the paper reveals its pioneering contributions to development and modern characterization techniques. The study argues that Röntgen’s discovery of X-rays was a significant contribution, and the resulting method of tracing to observe internal structures inspired the textile pioneer Mr. Yan Haojing to invent the tracer fiber method, making a foundational contribution to the study of yarn structure. The text constructs teaching case resources through historical facts, timelines, personalities, characteristics, and critiques, serving as teaching cases and course ideological and political materials for textile specialty foundation courses, which have been applied in various teaching scenarios with good results.