Sorting out the connotations of the modernized governance system of basic education in China and examining the key tasks and realization paths of the construction of a modernized governance system for highquality basic education will help to reveal the general rules of the construction of a modernized governance system for basic education in the context of high-quality development of education. The modernized governance system of basic education in China is constantly being constructed and improved. By analyzing the current situation and shortcomings of the modernized governance system of basic education in China, it is clear that the construction of the modernized governance system of basic education in China focuses on ideological leadership, the construction of standards, digital empowerment, multi-governance, and the laying of a foundation for the system, which is the path to the realization of the construction of the modernized governance system of highquality basic education.