This article takes exploring the factors that affect the autonomous learning ability of art students with hearing impairments in the context of educational digitalization as the main clue. Combined with the characteristics of art students with hearing impairments, it investigates the current situation of their autonomous learning ability from five dimensions: the sense of meaning in learning, self-efficacy, information literacy, learning strategies, and learning reflection and evaluation. It discovers the problems existing in the learning ability of art students with hearing impairments and proposes solutions to continuously enhance students’ professional level and academic achievements, helping them adapt to the development of the times, actively integrate into society, and realize their own life value.