Mathematics competition training is an important component of the cultivation of normal university students. This study focuses on teacher trainees and analyzes the training methods for mathematics competitions based on the current situation of mathematics competitions, in order to obtain effective methods for improving competitive abilities. Through the analysis of the mathematical literacy of teacher trainees, it is concluded that in mathematics competition training, emphasis should be placed on the implementation of mathematical knowledge foundation and gradual practice. On a theoretical level, combining knowledge from relevant disciplines, explain the characteristics and impact of mathematics competitions for teacher candidates; On a practical level, provide targeted training programs for different teacher trainees based on their training objectives; In terms of teaching methods, targeted teaching plans are designed based on the mathematical learning situation and teaching content of normal students. At the same time, different forms of training methods are adopted to conduct effective evaluation systems for verification, so that normal students can demonstrate their unique competitive advantages in competitions.