Shanghai is working towards the goal of building a city of design. As a local art and design college in Shanghai, this paper discusses the system construction of ideological and political talent training in Shanghai art and design colleges under the background of Shanghai culture. The paper studies the problem step by step from three aspects: the background of the construction of the ideological and political system of art design courses under the background of Shanghai culture, the method of the construction of the ideological and political system of art design courses under the background of Shanghai culture, and the goal of the construction of the ideological and political system of art design courses under the background of Shanghai culture. The conclusion is proved by combining actual teaching cases and results.