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日本大学通专结合的实践路径及启示——以京都大学和北海道大学为例

Practical Approaches and Insights in Combining General and Specialized Education of Japanese Universities —Case Study of Kyoto University and Hokkaido University

教育研讨 / 2024,6(4)：896-910 / 2024-07-30 70 64

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• 作者： 张逸昕      杨曈     
• 单位：

  东南大学外国语学院，南京

• 关键词： 通专结合；通识教育；京都大学；北海道大学
• Combination of general and specialized education; General education; Kyoto University; Hokkaido University
• 摘要： 在国际化竞争加剧的背景下，通识教育与专业教育相结合已成为培养新时代综合型人才的重要途径。日本各高校依据自身教育理念，探索通专结合的新路径，其中京都大学和北海道大学作为一贯制教育的典范，符合目前国内高校的教育模式，具有借鉴意义。京都大学秉承自由学风，将部分专业基础课程通识化，鼓励学生自主选择感兴趣的课程，由学院自主决定通专比例，凸显通识课程的广泛性。而北海道大学实行集权式管理，通过专门机构统筹规划全校通识课程，在兼具国际性与跨学科性的通识课程中注重培养学生学习专业知识所需要的能力，强化其综合素质与解决实际问题的能力，从而将专业知识有效回馈社会。两校的课程均体现了通识教育与专业教育的深度融合，随着学生年级的升高，逐步增加专业课程比例，将低年级通识教育的成果应用于专业学习之中。这种通专结合的实践路径，为我国大学的教育体制改革提供了宝贵的参考。
• As international competition intensifies, the organic integration of general education and specialized education has become crucial for cultivating well-rounded talents in the new era. Kyoto University and Hokkaido University, as representatives of four-year persistent education, have been exploring the best way for combining general and specialized education based on respective educational philosophies. Kyoto University, adhering to academic freedom, generalizes some foundational specialized courses and encourages students to independently choose courses of interest, but leaving the implementation of general education to individual faculties. In contrast, Hokkaido University adopts a centralized management approach, with a specialized institution planning and executing the allocation of general education courses across the entire university. It focuses on cultivating students’ abilities needed for specialized knowledge through internationally and interdisciplinary oriented general education courses, enhancing students’ overall qualities and effectively feeding specialized knowledge back into society. Both universities’ curriculum structures reflect a high degree of integration between general and specialized education. As students’ progress through their years of study, the proportion of specialized courses gradually increases, applying the content learned in general education courses in the lower years to specialized studies. This path of combining general and specialized education provides beneficial insights for the reform of university education systems in China.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/es.0604119
• 引用： 张逸昕，杨曈．日本大学通专结合的实践路径及启示——以京都大学和北海道大学为例［J］．教育研讨，2024，6（4）：896-910．