Learning-centered teaching is a hot topic in today’s basic education curriculum and teaching. It is also an important grasp for implementing the new round of basic education curriculum reform marked by core literacy in China. The key feature of teaching based on student competency is a learning-centered approach. Exploring how to utilize performance assessment to improve teaching effectiveness is a response to the practical demands of changing the curriculum evaluation method in the current new curriculum reform. This paper aims to explore and improve the implementation path of performance assessment in learning-centered teaching by focusing on the curriculum evaluation, and provide a reference for cultivating students’ learning potential and promoting the development of their core literacy.