With the development and reform of higher education in China, ideological and political education has become an integral part of university education. Dance courses have gradually become one of the teaching contents of elective physical education courses in universities, and integrating ideological and political elements into various courses in universities is extremely important. This paper mainly adopts the methods of literature review and logical analysis to conduct in-depth research on the current situation, problems, and causes of ideological and political construction in dance courses in higher education institutions, and proposes targeted improvement strategies. The research found that there are problems in ideological and political construction in dance courses in higher education institutions, such as insufficient teaching competence of teachers, inadequate integration of course content with ideological and political elements, monotonous teaching content and methods, and imperfect evaluation system. In response to these issues, this paper proposes improvement measures such as strengthening the ideological and political orientation of course content, enhancing the teaching competence of teachers in ideological and political education, integrating ideological and political education in a diverse manner, enriching and innovating teaching designs, and improving the evaluation system, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political construction in dance courses in higher education institutions. It aims to enable students to grasp the laws of things’ development through learning skills, enlighten them with reason, and strive to become comprehensive socialist constructors and successors of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor development.