Due to the division of the household registration system and the severe duality, the uneven distribution of educational resources between urban and rural areas in China has led to a significant gap in education between urban and rural areas. This study analyzes the current situation and causes of population education disparities between urban and rural areas, and proposes solutions to alleviate these disparities, better promoting equity in urban and rural education and fair distribution of educational resources, thereby narrowing the gap in urban and rural education, promoting the willingness of rural population to invest in education, and forming a positive feedback mechanism, thereby promoting the relatively fair development of China’s education industry.