This study aims to explore a modular teaching model of mental health education that integrates ideological and political education into higher vocational education. Through a systematic analysis of the inherent connections between mental health education and ideological and political courses in higher vocational education, an innovative modular teaching framework is constructed. The study not only deeply explores the effectiveness of modular teaching in enhancing students' mental health literacy and ideological and political literacy but also validates the feasibility of this teaching model through empirical research. The research results indicate that the "concentric circle" modular teaching model of mental health education in higher vocational education, which adopts the teaching philosophy of "nurturing morality and fostering the mind," has significant teaching effects. This study not only enriches the theoretical system of mental health education and ideological and political courses in higher vocational education but also provides a valuable reference for practical teaching.